immunity

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Members of Congress and state legislators are absolutely immune from civil lawsuits for their votes and official actions. Antibodies are produced and secreted by plasma B cells. The complement system is involved in the activities of both innate immunity and acquired immunity.

However, during the investigatory phase, they are only granted qualified immunity. By binding their specific antigens, antibodies can cause and precipitation of antibody-antigen products, prime for phagocytosis by macrophages and other cells, block receptors, and stimulate other immune responses, such as the complement pathway.

Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses The immune system distinguishes two groups of foreign substances. One group consists of antigens that are freely circulating in the body. These include molecules, viruses, and foreign cells. A second group consists of self cells that display aberrant MHC proteins. In most cases, both an antigen and a costimulator are required to activate a B cell and initiate B cell proliferation. The plasma cells bear antibodies with the identical antigen specificity as the antigen receptors of the activated B cells. The antibodies are released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens. Memory cells provide future immunity. Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells displaying the antigens. Helper T cells release interleukins and other cytokines , which stimulate B cells to produce antibodies that bind to the antigens and stimulate nonspecific agents NK and macrophages to destroy the antigens.

On the other hand, the plasma cells produce a large number of antibodies which are released free in the circulatory system. Key Areas Covered 1. One zip consists of antigens that are freely circulating in the body. Cell Mediated Immunity: The CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, and integrins are the accessory receptors of the cell mediated immunity. The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly north in the complement pathways. Adaptive immunity generates an -specific immune response.